• What’s Sodium percarbonate?
• How does it work?
• What’s the advantages of Sodium percarbonate?
• What’s the differences between Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach and Oxygen Bleach?
• What’s the trend of detergent raw material?
• How to use sodium percarbonate in detergent?(Just suggested method)?
• What’s the difference between Coted and uncoated Sodium percarbonate?

Sodium percarbonate is also named as solid hydrogen peroxide,This material is an addition of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide.It’s fomulation is 2Na₂CO₃ . 3H₂O₂ .

Sodium percarbonate has high content of oxygen,and has good solution in the water.When was placed in water,it release H₂O₂ and Na₂CO₃,also it can dissolve well in code water.

2Na₂CO₃ . 3H₂O₂ ---> 2Na₂CO₃ + 3H₂O₂

H₂O₂ disolves in water as following:

H₂O₂→H++HOO- 2HOO-→OO₂↑+2OH-

According to the two equations,the ion HOO- has bleaching function,but HOO- ion is easily dissolve if infected by heavy metal ion,reduce the effective bleaching of H₂O₂.While alkalescence medium is useful for the form of 2HOO-,while the PH value is the important factor thatinfect the bleaching function.Usually PH value is very high or very low is not useful for bleaching, PH 10-11 is suituable.Sodium carbonate in water shows alkaline.Sodium percarbonate liquor whichChroma is1%-3% ,the PH value is 10.5- 11,it is a very good envirment for bleaching.

3.What’s the advantages of Sodium percarbonate?

Detergent or bleach compositions formulated with sodium percarbonate have an strong stain removal capability. It is very effective as a laundry presoak for heavily stained articles. It is color safe. It brightens colors and prevent fabric form become yellowed or darkened.
Sodium percarbonate is effective as a disinfectant on both bacteria and virus. It’s an excellent ingredient in personal care and home care formulations for hygiene.
For its environmental advantages, sodium percarbonate is a good oxygen release chemical for agricultural and aquicultural applications. 

4.What’s the differences between Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach and Oxygen Bleach?

LAUNDRY BLEACHES

Bleach is a popular laundry aid and helps detergents remove soils and stains. Through oxidization, laundry bleaches convert soil into more soluble, colorless or dispersible particles that can be removed by detergent and carried away in the wash water.

The two general oxidizing types are sodium hypochlorite (also called chlorine or liquid household bleach) and oxygen. Sodium hypochlorite and oxygen bleaches should not be used together. The benefits of both are lost when combined.

Color removers, considered reducing bleaches, are also products in the bleach category.

Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach

Liquid sodium hypochlorite bleach is the most widely used, although a dry form is also available. Liquid sodium hypochlorite bleach is made by combining chlorine with a solution of sodium hydroxide to produce sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride and water. The sodium chloride is a by-product of the chemical reaction and remains in the solution as an inactive ingredient. When liquid sodium hypochlorite bleach is added to the wash, sodium hypochlorite reacts with the soil and organic matter.
As a result, liquid household bleach:
1) Oxidizes soil and aids in its removal
2) Acts as a disinfectant on both bacteria and viruses likely to be encountered in the home 3) Generally whitens fabrics

The bleaching action of sodium hypochlorite is essentially completed in about 5 minutes, even less time in hot water, but slightly longer in cold.

The dry version performs like liquid sodium hypochlorite bleach when dissolved in water.

How to Use Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach:

Read and follow bleach package directions. Use a standard measuring cup and measure the recommended amount. For best results, dilute bleach with a quart (0.95 L) of water and add about 5 minutes after the wash cycle has begun. Applying undiluted bleach directly to fabrics may result in color removal and/or weakening of the fabric. Adding bleach at the beginning of the wash cycle with the detergent destroys some detergent ingredients (FWAs, enzymes). This reduces the effectiveness of both detergent and bleach. Adding bleach after 5 to 6 minutes allows the FWAs to attach to fabrics, the enzymes to work on soils and the bleach to have maximum effectiveness.

For washers with dispensers where bleach is automatically dispensed and diluted, follow the manufacturer's instructions.

Sodium hypochlorite bleach can be used on all washable colorfast natural fibers (cotton, linen) except protein fibers like wool, silk and mohair. It is also safe on all washable synthetic and permanent press fabrics, except spandex. Sodium hypochlorite bleach is safe for most (70 to 80%) colored washable fabrics. To determine if a color is bleach safe, apply one drop of a test solution made from 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of bleach in 1/4 cup (60 ml) of water to an inconspicuous part of the fabric or garment, such as a seam allowance. Be sure the solution penetrates the fabric. Let stand for 1 minute and blot dry with a paper towel. If there is no color change, the article can be safely bleached. Be sure to test decorative trim

Oxygen Bleach (all-fabric bleach)

Oxygen bleaches are available in both a dry and liquid form. All dry oxygen bleaches contain inorganic peroxygen compounds, such as sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium percarbonate. When dissolved, the inorganic peroxygen compounds convert to hydrogen peroxide (the oxidizing agent) and the residue of the compound (e.g., sodium borate or carbonate). Liquid oxygen bleaches contain hydrogen peroxide, which supplies the oxidizing agent directly. The hydrogen peroxide reacts with the soil and organic materials in the wash to either decolorize or break them up. Hydrogen peroxide provides a more gentle bleaching action than sodium hypochlorite used in chlorine bleaches.

Water temperature affects the bleaching rate of oxygen bleaches. Hot water accelerates the bleaching action. As water temperature decreases below 130 degrees F, exposure time must be increased substantially.

Powdered oxygen bleaches also contain a builder, usually sodium carbonate, which provides additional alkalinity and allows the perborate to function more effectively as a bleach. Other ingredients _ such as surfactants, brighteners, bluing agents and fragrance _ can be incorporated into both liquid and powdered formulations. Enzymes are used in powdered bleaches.

5. What’s the trend of detergent raw material?

we look at global trends in the detergent market we see a strong emphasis on sustainability in a changing market place and increased focus on consumer needs, convenience and product choice. There is also an increasing threat of government legislation at national and regional level on the detergent industry.

Product performance requirements include a need for higher activity than current systems good performance at lower temperature <30-40C lower dosing lower water use reduced chemical load on the environment environmental acceptability provided at equivalent or lower cost (especially in developing regions of the world) with low energy usage. In practice, for bleaching systems this means maintenance of good performance under increasingly stressed conditions.

If we look at the key characteristics of sodium percarbonate which have supported the move from perborate in Europe, these include its high bulk density, which offers formulators a
compaction benefit in production of compact detergent powders and tablets, while maintaining a high activity content. high solubility and rapid dissolution rate, which means that hydrogen
peroxide is released rapidly in the wash cycle, even at low temperature allowing rapid generation of the active bleaching species dual functionality ie the combination of bleach and builder/ source of alkali in one molecule.

These factors in combination with enhanced stability in detergent formulations have enabled sodium percarbonate to gain wide acceptance in European detergent formulations. Sodium percarbonate can be safely handled, transported and stored in bulk, and offers economic and environmental benefits.

6. Suggested Useage method for sodium percarbonate

1).
Home Laundry Bleach Premium Grade
Ingredients% By WT.
Sodium Percarbonate25.0
Soda Ash50.0
Nonionic Surfactant3.0
Sodium Sulfate22.0
Total 100.0
Comments
Blend: Add warm nonionic surfactant to the soda ash over a 1 to 2 minute period. Add all ingredients except Percarbonate and blend slowly for 1-2 minutes until uniform product is obtained. Add Percarbonate to the cool mix.
Dosage: Add 1/2 cup with detergent as the washer fills. Allow to dissolve before loading clothes.

2).
Home Laundry Bleach Economy Grade
Ingredients% By WT.
Sodium Percarbonate25.0
Soda Ash75.0
Comments
Dosage: Add 1/2 cup with detergent as the washer fills. Allow to dissolve before loading clothes.

3).
Home Laundry Bleach Concentrated Grade
Ingredients% By WT.
Sodium Percarbonate80.0
Soda Ash20.0
Comments
Dosage: Add 1/8 cup with detergent as the washer fills. Allow to dissolve before loading clothes.

4).
Institutional Laundry Bleach
Ingredients% By WT.
Sodium Percarbonate80.0
Soda Ash20.0
Total100.0
Comments
Add to break suds at 4-6 oz per 100 lbs. Adjust according to soil level. Allow to dissolve before loading clothes.

5).
Concrete Cleaner
Ingredients% By WT.
Sodium Percarbonate78.0
Soda Ash20.0
Nonionic Surfactant2.0
Comments
Blend Soda Ash with surfactant over a 1-2 minute period. Add Percarbonate to the cool mix.
Dosage: Sprinkle on wet surfaces and scrub vigorously. Rinse.

6).
Vinyl Siding Cleaner
Ingredients% By WT.
Sodium Percarbonate28.0
Trisodium Phosphate72.0
Comments
Mix 1 cup with 5 gallons of water and stir. Apply with sprayer, brush, mop or roller. Let stand 5-10 minutes. Scrub with a stiff bristled broom. Rinse well.

7).
Wood Deck Cleaner and Stain Remover
Ingredients% By WT.Comments
Sodium Percarbonate80.0
Soda Ash10.0
Sodium Tripolyphosphate10.0
Total100.0
Use level- 1/4 to 1 oz per gallon of water. For severe stains, wet the surface and sprinkle on. Brush in and rinse.

8).
Wood Deck Stain Remover
Ingredients% By WT.Comments
Sodium Percarbonate100.0
Total100.0
Comments
Use level- 1 to 3 oz per gallon of water.Mix throughly for 10 minutes

9).
Marine Teak Cleaner
Ingredients% By WT.Comments
Sodium Percarbonate58.0
Trisodium Phosphate40.0
Nonionic Surfactant2.0
Comments
Blend trisodium phosphate with surfactant over a 1-2 minute period. Add Percarbonate to the cool mix.
Dosage: Mix 1/4 cup with 1 gallon of hot water.Apply to teak, scrub and rinse.

10).
Carpet Cleaning Booster
Ingredients% By WT.Comments
Sodium Percarbonate100.0
Total100.0
Comments
Use level- Add 1/3 cup to 5 gallons of cleaning solution.

7.What’s the difference between Coted and uncoated Sodium percarbonate?

Sodium percarbonateis used as an active oxygen component in detergents, bleaches and cleaning agents. Due to the unsatisfactory storage stability of the uncoated sodium percarbonate in warm/moist surroundings and in the presence of certain detergent and cleaning agent components, sodium percarbonate must be stabilized against the loss of active oxygen. An essential principle of stabilization involves encasing the sodium percarbonate particles in a coating of components having a stabilizing action. Here comes the definetion: the coated sodium percarbonate is the sodium percarbonate crystals coated with single or multiple layers of various substances in order to increase active oxygen stability and optimize storage and ensiling properties. 
Coated sodium percarbonate is the more commonly commercialized peroxide compared with the uncoated sodium percarbonate. But the uncoated product is still the preferred ingredient for simply mixing with enough quantity of soda ash and some surfactants to form the popular oxygen bleaches.